HTTP性能优化实战技术文章大纲

HTTP协议基础与性能瓶颈

HTTP/1.1与HTTP/2核心差异
队头阻塞问题与多路复用机制
TCP握手、TLS协商的延迟影响
未压缩头部与冗余数据传输

关键优化方向与指标

减少DNS查询与TCP连接建立时间
压缩资源（Brotli/Gzip）与缓存策略
关键渲染路径优化
首字节时间（TTFB）与资源加载时序

服务端优化策略

启用HTTP/2/3协议支持
配置OCSP Stapling减少TLS验证延迟
服务器推送（Server Push）预加载资源
边缘计算（CDN）节点分布优化

前端工程化实践

资源分域（Domain Sharding）平衡并发
雪碧图与Base64内联小资源
异步加载非关键JS（async/defer）
预加载指令（preload/prefetch）

浏览器缓存机制

Cache-Control与ETag深度配置
Service Worker离线缓存策略
LocalStorage缓存API响应数据
304协商缓存命中率监控

网络层调优

QUIC协议消除队头阻塞
TCP Fast Open加速重复连接
BDP调整窗口大小适应高延迟网络
HTTP/3的UDP传输层优势

监控与分析工具

Chrome DevTools性能瀑布图
WebPageTest多地域测试
Lighthouse评分体系
RUM（真实用户监控）数据采集

新兴技术方向

渐进式Web应用（PWA）离线体验
ES模块的tree shaking优化
AI驱动的资源预取策略
边缘函数（Edge Functions）动态优化

典型案例分析

电商首页秒开方案
SSR应用 hydration 优化
长列表虚拟滚动性能提升
WebSocket实时数据压缩传输

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